Agricultural sector is the greatest user of water in Iran, and increase of the consumption efficiency is necessary by considering the limited water resources in the recent years. Hasanlu IRRIGATION and drainage networks as a part of a larger project of Naghdi plan is one of the country's largest projects in the field of development of pressurized IRRIGATION SYSTEMs. Hasanlu network supplies water to the SYSTEMs of sprinklers, surface gravity IRRIGATION, and hydroflums based on the available pressure head at the relevant sites. In this research, geographic information SYSTEMs were used as a framework for storing, management, processing, analyzing and visualization of spatial information of Hasanlo project phase 1 to evaluate water management of this plan. For this purpose, the coefficient of uniformity and distribution uniformity in sprinkler IRRIGATION calculation toolbox developed and added to GIS as an extension, to simulate and evaluate the single or multi riser uniformity tests. Also, the risers discharge and application pressure were recorded at the site during the operation of the project. Results indicated that the pressure of risers varied from 0. 5 to 3. 9 bar and average Christiansen’ s coefficient of uniformity (CU) was under 50% that indicated poor water management in the farm level. Also, the satisfaction of stakeholders was in medium level.

Period Generally in Iron's history, The States and government's in comes sources have depended on agriculture Station, while in agricultural part, drived taxes of farmer and cultivators in form of lavish, had important role in security of governments treasury sources. The states have responsed to extend water to village, ordinarily. For depending cultivation to water sources and many expenses of water establishment, especially, in regions that were far away of natural water sources.as a matter of fact, This role was found more value, in condition that digging subterranean canal needed because of region was far from of natural water sources. In the first of Islamic period, after passing insecure period and lack of primery stability and wars that caused to dis order in different part of life, for instance economic. Iran's history was changed by appearance of samaniyan govern mend in great khorasan that helped to stable in different basis of political, economic, cultural and social.There fore caused brilliant period in Iran's history and this was named golden period. Of course we have eudeavoured to study the IRRIGATION SYSTEM position and the effect on agriculture in khorasan in samaniyan period. With due attention to old sources data, especially, effects of Moslem’s geography in the first of Islamic century and use of recent researchs, we can consider the role of samaniyan government in protection and reparation of IRRIGATION

This study was carried out to evaluate Hamody IRRIGATION network (in an area of 3079 ha) using classic and new classic IRRIGATION efficiency concepts. For this purpose, firstly the main district’ s water inputs (IRRIGATION, rainfall and canal releases) and outputs (actual crop evapotranspiration, drainage outflow and canal seepage) were measured or estimated during the hydrological years (2006-2009). Then, the application efficiency (classic concept) and the net and effective efficiencies (neoclassic concept) were estimated at the network level. Finally, different scenarios of water allocation were evaluated by considering new concepts of IRRIGATION efficiency. The assessment scenarios include 65, 75 and 85% of water supply needs, 100% Crop Water Requirement (CWR) and a fraction of CWR without significant reduction in yield. The annual average outflows were 16% higher than the inflows, presumably due to canal seepage and lateral groundwater inflows from neighboring lands. Distribution, application and total efficiencies were estimated 68, 53 and 44%, respectively, indicating low IRRIGATION performance in the IRRIGATION network. Despite the high volume of applied IRRIGATION water, the actual ET was 19% less than the potential ET, indicating water-stress and crop yield reduction. The assessment of surface IRRIGATION SYSTEMs using new classical approach showed that the net (0. 77) and effective (0. 65) efficiencies were more than the classical efficiency (0. 53). The results of this study showed 19-47% water saving in allocation scenarios using the new concepts of efficiency.

The value of IRRIGATION efficiency cannot be precisely known. Therefore, water resources planning and IRRIGATION network design are normally based on uncertain values of IRRIGATION efficiency which ends up with disappointing results in practice. This research used "SYSTEM" and "non SYSTEM" approaches to analyze the data obtained from Pasha-Kola IRRIGATION network in Mazandaran Province in northern Iran. This network is cultivated with rice and has a shallow water table condition. Furthermore, reported data for multiple cropping projects were obtained for Dez project in the Khuzestan province and Doroodzan project in the Fars province from other investigators and used to determine the "SYSTEM" efficiency. In the "SYSTEM" approach the deep percolation and surface runoff were not considered as water loss. However, these were considered as water losses in the "non SYSTEM" approach. The project efficiency for "SYSTEM" and "non SYSTEM" approaches considering the deep percolation as water loss were obtained as 0.87 and 0.51, respectively. However, the project efficiency for the "non SYSTEM" approach in which deep percolation was ignored was 0.85 which is similar to that obtained by the “SYSTEM” approach. It may be concluded that, for IRRIGATION projects with single crop (rice) and shallow water table, the project efficiency (either "SYSTEM" or "non SYSTEM") is generally higher than that of no shallow water multiple cropping networks. Furthermore, for rice IRRIGATION projects, deep percolation of water may not be considered as loss due to its potential of being reused as groundwater supply and the "SYSTEM" IRRIGATION project efficiency is similar to the "non SYSTEM" project efficiency. In general, it is more reliable that the "SYSTEM" approach be used for evaluation of IRRIGATION projects. Furthermore, in a "non SYSTEM" approach the deep percolation may not be considered as water loss.

Improving an integrated model on performance assessment of IRRIGATION SYSTEMs is subjected to uncertainty of natural parameters, and vagueness or fuzziness characteristics of operation and maintenance parameters. Application of these linguistic-expression parameters usually is impossible, and a fuzzy approach is recommended. The main issue of this method is to provide indicators, based on subjective judgments, and applied linguistic-expression beside the Technical, Economical, and Environmental indicators. In this method assessment is based on the judgments of Water users and Managers separately. The assessment of IRRIGATION SYSTEM also is possible by defined seven expression indicators of Water users' judgment. Initial indicators define initial condition of the SYSTEM, and fuzzy rules are defined for interaction-influence of indicators. The Mamdani and Sugeno fuzzy inference is conducted. The selection of the defuzzification methods; center of area (COA) or Mean of Maximum (MOM) is not important in this model (r2 >- 0.98); the difference between two methods is less than 7%. Results comparison to Standard Method indicates that, COA gives the better result. The model tested in Moghan IRRIGATION SYSTEM, and is compared with Ghazvin IRRIGATION SYSTEM. 27% lower management performance assessment result on Ghazvin IRRIGATION SYSTEM is not because of shortage of IRRIGATION water only, but it is subjected to similarity( <16%) or diversity (>44%) of water users and service agency's judgments in Moghan and Ghazvin  respectively. It is happened because of differences of social-management conditions of two SYSTEMs.  

Since the tendency of water and soil to salinization is a big problem in arid and Semi-arid regions, using proper management measures is necessary to deal with this problem. One of the principles of management in this regard is the conjunctive use of saline and fresh water resources. It is applied in two ways; first mixing the fresh and saline waters and the second is using them alternatively. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of three conjunction methods on soil salinity distribution in the root zone. A completely randomized block design was used consisting of three treatments and three replications in nine lysimeters. Every lysimeter was filled to 1 m depth with soil in layers having 10 cm thickness, with a bulk density of 1.46 gr/cm3. The lysimeter was irrigated five times to reach soil water to field capacity (FC=34.33%). In the first treatment (Blending), IRRIGATION was done with a mixture of saline and ordinary waters (EC=7.5 dS/m). In the second treatment (Half-Alternate) at each IRRIGATION event, half of the IRRIGATION water was applied with saline water (EC=14 dS/m) and the other half with the ordinary water (EC=1 dS/m). In the third treatment (One-Alternate) IRRIGATION was practiced with ordinary and saline water alternately (one IRRIGATION with ordinary water and the next one with fresh water). The result shows that the average salinity of soil (soil: water ratio 1: 5) in blending, half-alternate and one-alternate experiments up to 30 cm soil depth were 6.86, 6.74 and 4.80 dS/m respectively. The result shows that the one-alternate treatment has much less salinity in top layers (0-30 cm) than other treatments. In lower depths (30-60), the blending treatment has better conditions because in this treatment, salinity was 2.2 dS/m less than one-alternate treatment. The EC value was 9.92 and 12.1 dS/m in the blending and one-alternate treatment, respectively.